もう少し早く出発していれば渋滞に巻き込まれなかったのに

N5 もう mou already / more N5 少し sukoshi a little N5 早く hayaku early / quickly N4 出発 shuppatsu departure, start N3 渋滞 juutai traffic jam, congestion, delay

N4 少 shou / suku.nai, suko.shi few, little, un petit peu N4 早 sou, satsu / haya.i, haya, haya-, haya.maru, haya.meru, sa- early, fast, tôt N5 出 shutsu, sui / de.ru, -de, da.su, -da.su, i.deru, i.dasu exit, leave, go out N4 発 hatsu, hotsu / ta.tsu, aba.ku, oko.ru, tsuka.wasu, hana.tsu departure, discharge, publish N1 渋 juu, shuu / shibu, shibu.i, shibu.ru astringent, hesitate, reluctant N1 滞 tai, tei / todokoo.ru stagnate, be delayed, overdue N2 巻 kan, ken / ma.ku, maki, ma.ki scroll, volume, book N3 込 -ko.mu, ko.mu, ko.mi, -ko.mi, ko.meru crowded, mixture, in bulk

N4 〜のに noni Indicates unexpected contrast, connects two opposing ideas, means although, despite, even though N4 〜ば ba Indicates a hypothetical condition, attaches to verb or adjective, means if it happens then N5 〜もう mou Indicates recent completion or change, equivalent to already, shows action completed before now N5 〜ている te iru Indicates ongoing action, continuous state, repeated habit, or resulting condition depending on context N4 〜し shi Indicates multiple reasons or qualities, connects clauses or adjectives, means besides that, and also N5 〜に ni Indicates destination, target, arrival point, specific time, or person receiving an action N5 〜の no Indicates possession, relation between nouns, nominal explanation, or turns a verb into a noun phrase N5 〜も mo Means also, adds another similar item, often replaces particles such as wa ga or o N5 〜か ka Marks a question, alternative, or uncertainty, appears at the sentence end or between options