Word
Kana: てんねん Romaji: tennen Level: N3

天然

Meaning in English

nature, spontaneity

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Dictionary

Word context

What it means

天然 means natural or unmodified; it describes things that exist in nature rather than being manufactured or altered by people; in everyday use it can also denote an innate quality, and in casual speech 天然だ can refer to a person who is ditzy.

Main meanings

  • natural state or condition — shizen no joutai
  • natural materials or products — tennen sozai
  • unplanned or spontaneous behavior — shizen na koudou
  • airhead, ditzy person in casual slang — tennen-boke

How to use it

Used as a noun; 天然の attaches to nouns to mean natural or authentic material or condition; in everyday speech 天然だ or 天然の人で describe someone as ditzy or spacey in casual talk; in formal writing it can describe inherent or natural characteristics without implying artificiality.

Variants and close terms

  • 自然の — natural (shizen no)
  • 人工的 — artificial (jinkouteki)
  • 天然ボケ — airhead (tennenboke)
  • 天然素材 — natural material (tennen sozai)

Composition

  • 天 = heaven, sky; contributes sense of natural domain
  • 然 = natural, thus; indicates a natural state or occurrence
  • Combination yields 天然, meaning a state or thing that exists in nature without human modification

Etymology

on'yomi ten and nen combine to form tennen, a Sino-Japanese reading that yields 天然; the compound arose as a lexical unit in Japanese via kanji adoption and took the meaning of natural or unmodified over time.

Origin

Adopted from Chinese 天然; used in Sino-Japanese literature, the term broadened in modern Japanese to cover natural materials, natural states, and natural behavior.

Word class

noun (名詞); also used in 天然の to modify nouns and in casual predication 天然だ to describe a person

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