Word
Kana: あらう Romaji: arau Level: N5

洗う

Meaning in English

to wash

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Dictionary

Word context

What it means

洗う means to wash or cleanse something with water or another liquid, covering cleaning objects, surfaces, or the body; it also extends to figurative cleansing such as clearing away dirt, residues, or problems.

Main meanings

  • Physical cleaning of objects, clothing, dishes, or surfaces using water or a cleaning liquid
  • Washing oneself or parts of the body for hygiene
  • Rinsing or removing residue by liquid, often in stepwise actions
  • Figurative cleansing sense, including clearing away stains, doubts, or metaphorically washing away problems

How to use it

As a transitive verb, 洗う expresses cleaning with liquid and is used across registers; polite speech uses 洗います, casual speech uses 洗う; it takes a direct object marked by を, and covers cleaning dishes, clothes, bodies, or objects, as well as routine hygiene and broader cleansing tasks.

Variants and close terms

  • 洗浄する (senjou suru) – to wash/clean thoroughly
  • すすぐ (susugu) – to rinse
  • 清める (kiyomeru) – to purify, often ceremonial
  • 洗い流す (arainagasu) – to wash away, to rinse off, sometimes metaphorical

Composition

  • 洗 = water radical and the component 先; together they evoke cleansing with water
  • う = hiragana ending that marks the verb as a godan -u form

Etymology

etimologia The word is a native Japanese verb with kun'yomi arau; the kanji 洗 carries the meaning 'to wash' and is used for semantic representation; historically it appeared in classical Japanese as 洗ふ, where ふ represents the old -u ending; the modern 洗う uses kana spelling and standard pronunciation.

Origin

Old Japanese usage, widespread in classical and medieval periods as a basic domestic action; no specific origin event, the verb reflects everyday cleaning practices from ancient times.

Word class

verb (godan, 五段動詞)

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