審査
Meaning in Englishjudging, inspection, examination
Animated kanji stroke order
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Word context
What it means
審査 refers to the formal process of evaluating something against defined standards to determine quality, eligibility, or compliance.
Main meanings
- Formal evaluation in administrative, legal, or regulatory contexts, such as licenses, permits, or compliance checks.
- Screening of applications, entrants, or submissions in admissions, competitions, or job processes.
- Quality-control review of products, services, or processes to decide pass/fail or certification.
- Judgment or decision-making by a panel or committee based on evidence and criteria.
How to use it
Used primarily as a noun for the act or process of evaluation; in practice it occurs in official applications, examinations, and quality control, as well as in recruiting and media classifications; expressions include 審査する, 審査員, 審査基準.
Variants and close terms
- 審査 (screening, evaluation) – shinsa
- 検査 (inspection, examination) – kensa
- 査定 (appraisal) – santei
- 審判 (judgment, referee) – shinpan
Composition
- 審: to judge, examine; sense of careful consideration
- 査: to investigate, inspect; sense of verification
- Combined meaning: a formal evaluation conducted to determine acceptability against criteria
Etymology
etymology shinsa is formed from the kanji 審 and 査, whose common on'yomi readings combine to produce the noun; the phonetic form reflects Sino-Japanese influence and the standard pronunciation uses the on-reading sequence rather than native readings.
Origin
審査 has appeared in Japanese governance and society since early eras of organized administration; from the adoption of modern bureaucratic systems in the Meiji period, the term expanded across education, industry, and media to cover admissions, licensing, auditing, and contest judging.
Word class
Noun (suru-verb)