兵士
Meaning in Englishsoldier
Animated kanji stroke order
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Word context
What it means
兵士 (heishi) means a soldier: a member of armed forces trained and equipped to perform combat duties and military tasks; the term normally refers to enlisted or rank‑and‑file personnel rather than high command and is used to denote someone whose primary role is fighting or serving in military operations.
Main meanings
- 1. A rank‑and‑file combatant, typically ground forces rather than officers.
- 2. An infantryman or foot soldier in specific contexts.
- 3. A generic term for military personnel in reporting and official descriptions.
- 4. Figuratively, someone who does steady, sometimes unnoticed work (e.g., a "foot soldier" of a movement).
How to use it
Used in news reports, history texts, military contexts and fiction to refer to individual combatants or groups of soldiers; neutral to formal in tone and common in written Japanese, while casual speech may prefer 兵隊 (heitai) or other colloquialisms; appears in compound terms and counts (e.g., referring to numbers or casualties) and in metaphors describing devoted workers.
Variants and close terms
- 軍人 (gunjin) — military personnel (broader, includes officers)
- 兵隊 (heitai) — soldier/troop (more colloquial)
- 兵卒 (heisotsu) — rank‑and‑file soldier, private
- 非戦闘員 (hisentōin) — non‑combatant (antonym)
Composition
- 兵: military, soldier; denotes army or soldiery.
- 士: man, gentleman, specialist or someone with status (often warrior or scholar historically).
- Combined, the characters form a compound meaning "army‑person" or "soldier," with 兵 signaling military and 士 indicating a person.
Origin
The social concept evolved from Japan's feudal military classes (samurai, ashigaru) into a modern conscripted and professional army during the Meiji Restoration; the word 兵士 grew more common in media, education and legislation as Japan adopted Western-style military organization in the late 19th century.
Word class
noun (名詞)