Browse grammar

N5 〜です desu Used at the end of a sentence, polite affirmative form, means to be depending on context N5 〜か ka Marks a question, alternative, or uncertainty, appears at the sentence end or between options N5 〜は wa Marks the topic of the sentence, indicates what the sentence is about, can contrast with another element, organizes main information N5 〜から kara Indicates cause or reason, equivalent to because or since, connects two clauses explaining reason N5 〜まで made Indicates final limit in time or space, equivalent to until or up to, shows maximum endpoint N5 〜だけ dake Indicates limitation or exclusivity, equivalent to only or just, restricts meaning to the previous element N5 〜しか〜ない shika nai Indicates negative exclusivity, equivalent to only and nothing else, always used with negative form N5 〜でも demo Indicates representative example, approximate suggestion, mild surprise or concession depending on context N5 〜ね ne Sentence ending particle seeking agreement, softens statement, similar to right or isnt it N5 〜よ yo Sentence ending particle adding information to listener, emphasizes statement, expresses certainty or warning N5 〜まだ mada Indicates something has not changed yet, equivalent to still or yet, used with positive or negative forms N5 〜ます masu Used at the end of verbs, polite present or future form, makes the sentence more polite N5 〜もう mou Indicates recent completion or change, equivalent to already, shows action completed before now N5 〜たい tai Indicates speaker desire to perform an action, attaches to verb stem, equivalent to want to do something N5 〜ている te iru Indicates ongoing action, continuous state, repeated habit, or resulting condition depending on context N5 〜てください te kudasai Polite request expression, attaches to te-form verb, equivalent to please do N5 〜てもいい te mo ii Indicates permission, equivalent to may do, also expresses acceptance depending on context N5 〜てはいけない te wa ikenai Indicates prohibition, equivalent to must not do, expresses rule negative obligation or restriction N5 〜ましょう mashou Invitation suggestion or joint proposal form, equivalent to let us do something N5 〜ませんか masen ka Polite invitation using negative question form, equivalent to wont you do something with me N5 〜と思う to omou Indicates speaker thought opinion or assumption, connects clause with mental expression N5 〜つもり tsumori Indicates speaker intention or plan, equivalent to intend to do something in the future N5 〜が ga Marks the grammatical subject, highlights new information, can also show slight contrast in some sentences N5 〜予定 yotei Indicates scheduled future plan decided beforehand, equivalent to be scheduled to do