N3 〜に相違ない ni soui nai Indicates very strong formal certainty, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means undoubtedly or certainly N3 〜にほかならない ni hoka naranai Indicates emphatic identification of the true cause or nature, attaches to a noun, means nothing other than N3 〜に比べて ni kurabete Indicates direct comparison between two elements, attaches to a noun, means compared with N3 〜に応じて ni oujite Indicates adjustment according to situation level need or condition, attaches to a noun, means according to or depending on N3 〜わけではない wake de wa nai Indicates partial negation, corrects an exaggerated interpretation, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means it does not mean that N3 〜ないことはない nai koto wa nai Indicates moderate possibility, often in double negative form, means it is not that one cannot or it is not impossible N3 〜ないわけではない nai wake de wa nai Indicates partial affirmation through double negation, softens the statement, means it is not that it is not N3 〜ように見える you ni mieru Indicates visual appearance or observed impression, attaches to a verb, means looks like or seems to be N3 〜ように聞こえる you ni kikoeru Indicates auditory impression, attaches to a verb, means sounds like or seems from the sound N3 〜ように感じる you ni kanjiru Indicates subjective impression or personal feeling, attaches to a verb, means I feel that or it seems to me N3 〜ことがある koto ga aru Indicates past experience or occasional occurrence, attaches to a verb, means have done before or sometimes happens N3 〜ことに気づく koto ni kizuku Indicates noticing or realizing a fact, attaches to a clause nominalized with koto, means realize that N3 〜ことに決める koto ni kimeru Indicates deciding to do something, attaches to a verb with koto, emphasizes personal decision or conscious choice N4 〜ながら nagara Indicates two simultaneous actions by the same subject, attaches to the verb stem, means doing one thing while doing another N4 〜ので node Indicates cause or reason in a softer way than kara, connects two clauses, often used in polite explanations N4 〜のに noni Indicates unexpected contrast, connects two opposing ideas, means although, despite, even though N4 〜てから te kara Indicates clear time sequence, attaches to the te-form verb, means after doing something N4 〜たり〜たり tari tari Lists actions or states as examples, does not show a complete list, means doing things such as this and that N4 〜し shi Indicates multiple reasons or qualities, connects clauses or adjectives, means besides that, and also N4 〜ようになる you ni naru Indicates gradual change in ability habit or state, attaches to a verb, means come to be able to or become N4 〜ようにする you ni suru Indicates conscious effort to build a habit or avoid something, attaches to a verb, means try to do or make sure to N4 〜みたい mitai Indicates appearance comparison or informal assumption, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means seems like or like N4 〜そうだ (aparência) sou da Indicates visual appearance based on observation, attaches to verb or adjective stem, means looks like it will N4 〜そうだ (ouvi dizer) sou da Indicates information heard from another source, attaches to a full sentence, means I heard that or they say that