N4 〜ために tame ni Indicates purpose goal or reason, attaches to a verb or noun, means in order to do or because of something N4 〜場合 baai Indicates a conditional situation or specific case, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means in case of N4 〜ば ba Indicates a hypothetical condition, attaches to verb or adjective, means if it happens then N4 〜なら nara Indicates a condition based on context or already mentioned topic, means if it is the case of N4 〜かもしれない kamoshirenai Indicates uncertain possibility, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means maybe or it may be that N4 〜でしょう deshou Indicates polite assumption or likely confirmation, attaches to a sentence, means probably or right N4 〜だろう darou Indicates informal assumption or prediction, attaches to a sentence, means probably or I think that N4 〜すぎる sugiru Indicates excess beyond what is appropriate, attaches to verb or adjective stem, means too much or excessively N4 〜やすい yasui Indicates ease of performing an action, attaches to the verb stem, means easy to do N4 〜にくい nikui Indicates difficulty performing an action, attaches to the verb stem, means hard to do N4 〜始める hajimeru Indicates the beginning of an action or process, attaches to the verb stem, means start doing N4 〜終わる owaru Indicates complete completion of an action, attaches to the verb stem, means finish doing N4 〜続ける tsuzukeru Indicates continuation of an action over time, attaches to the verb stem, means continue doing N4 〜てしまう te shimau Indicates completed action with nuance of regret, surprise, or unexpected result, attaches to the te-form verb N4 〜ておく te oku Indicates an action done in advance as preparation, attaches to the te-form verb, means do beforehand N4 〜てみる te miru Indicates experimental attempt of an action, attaches to the te-form verb, means try doing to see the result N4 〜てくれる te kureru Indicates someone does something for the speaker or close group, attaches to the te-form verb N4 〜てもらう te morau Indicates receiving an action or favor from someone, attaches to the te-form verb, emphasizes benefit received by speaker N4 〜てあげる te ageru Indicates doing something for another person, attaches to the te-form verb, can sound patronizing if used carelessly N4 〜によって ni yotte Indicates means, cause, agent, basis, or difference depending on context, attaches to a noun, means by, through, or depending on N4 〜について ni tsuite Indicates the topic or subject being discussed, attaches to a noun, means about or regarding N4 〜に対して ni taishite Indicates target, direction, attitude, or contrast toward something, attaches to a noun, means toward, against, or in relation to N4 〜にとって ni totte Indicates viewpoint, evaluation, or importance for someone, attaches to a noun, means for or from the viewpoint of N4 〜として to shite Indicates role, function, position, or capacity in which someone acts, attaches to a noun, means as or in the capacity of