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N4 妹にプレゼントを買ってあげました Imouto ni purezento o katte agemashita I bought a present for my sister N3 努力すれば必ず成功するとは限らないが意味はあると思う Doryoku sureba kanarazu seikou suru to wa kagiranai ga imi wa aru to omou Even with effort success is not guaranteed but it still has meaning N4 今日は約束があるから残業するわけにはいかない Kyou wa yakusoku ga aru kara zangyou suru wake ni wa ikanai I have plans today so I cannot stay overtime N3 教師として学生に分かりやすく説明する責任がある Kyoushi to shite gakusei ni wakariyasuku setsumei suru sekinin ga aru As a teacher I have responsibility to explain clearly to students N1 このまま放置すると大きな事故になる恐れがある Kono mama houchi suru to ookina jiko ni naru osore ga aru If left like this it may cause a major accident N3 さすが経験が長いだけあって判断が早い Sasuga keiken ga nagai dake atte handan ga hayai As expected from someone experienced decisions are fast N4 最近この町も少しずつ変わりつつある Saikin kono machi mo sukoshi zutsu kawari tsutsu aru Recently this town is gradually changing N3 データに基づいて正確な判断をする必要がある Deeta ni motozuite seikaku na handan o suru hitsuyou ga aru It is necessary to decide based on data N3 学生に限らず社会人にも人気がある Gakusei ni kagirazu shakaijin ni mo ninki ga aru Popular not only among students but workers too

N3 〜はずがない hazu ga nai Indicates logical impossibility based on expectation or evidence, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means cannot be that N3 〜に相違ない ni soui nai Indicates very strong formal certainty, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means undoubtedly or certainly N3 〜ことがある koto ga aru Indicates past experience or occasional occurrence, attaches to a verb, means have done before or sometimes happens N4 〜そうだ (ouvi dizer) sou da Indicates information heard from another source, attaches to a full sentence, means I heard that or they say that N4 〜てあげる te ageru Indicates doing something for another person, attaches to the te-form verb, can sound patronizing if used carelessly N4 〜としても to shite mo Indicates hypothetical concession, attaches to sentence or verb, means even if it is or even if it happens N4 〜に違いない ni chigai nai Indicates strong certainty based on evidence or deduction, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means must surely be N4 〜わけがない wake ga nai Indicates strong logical impossibility, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means there is no way or impossible that N5 〜です desu Used at the end of a sentence, polite affirmative form, means to be depending on context