あ

N4 日本へ行ったことがありますか。 Nihon e itta koto ga arimasu ka. Have you ever been to Japan? N4 私は一度富士山に登ったことがあります。 Watashi wa ichido Fujisan ni nobotta koto ga arimasu. I have climbed Mt. Fuji once. N5 この店はあの店より安いです。 Kono mise wa ano mise yori yasui desu. This store is cheaper than that one. N3 私は弟に本を貸してあげました。 Watashi wa otouto ni hon o kashite agemashita. I lent a book to my younger brother. N5 全部分かったわけではありません。 Zenbu wakatta wake de wa arimasen. It is not that I understood everything. N4 彼が嫌いなわけではありません。 Kare ga kirai na wake de wa arimasen. It is not that I dislike him. N4 彼の意見に対して質問があります。 Kare no iken ni taishite shitsumon ga arimasu. I have a question regarding his opinion. N3 彼はもう家に帰ったに違いありません。 Kare wa mou ie ni kaetta ni chigai arimasen. He must have already returned home. N5 あの人は先生に違いありません。 Ano hito wa sensei ni chigai arimasen. That person must be a teacher.

N3 〜はずがない hazu ga nai Indicates logical impossibility based on expectation or evidence, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means cannot be that N3 〜に相違ない ni soui nai Indicates very strong formal certainty, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means undoubtedly or certainly N3 〜ことがある koto ga aru Indicates past experience or occasional occurrence, attaches to a verb, means have done before or sometimes happens N4 〜そうだ (ouvi dizer) sou da Indicates information heard from another source, attaches to a full sentence, means I heard that or they say that N4 〜てあげる te ageru Indicates doing something for another person, attaches to the te-form verb, can sound patronizing if used carelessly N4 〜としても to shite mo Indicates hypothetical concession, attaches to sentence or verb, means even if it is or even if it happens N4 〜に違いない ni chigai nai Indicates strong certainty based on evidence or deduction, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means must surely be N4 〜わけがない wake ga nai Indicates strong logical impossibility, attaches to verb adjective or noun, means there is no way or impossible that N5 〜です desu Used at the end of a sentence, polite affirmative form, means to be depending on context